Alzheimer s Disease A Common Form Of Dementia - 1368 Words

Alzheimer’s Disease is a common form of dementia that progressively deteriorates one’s brain causing serious memory loss, and eventually, the inability to perform common daily tasks. This disease is also known as â€Å"The Mind Robber,† or the â€Å"Disease of Forgetfulness.† The unfortunate thing about this disease is that there is no cure. Medicines have been developed to slow the progression of the disease. It has moved up into the rankings on the leading causes of death in America to number six and the number of deaths are increasing. As of 2013, nearly 5 million Americans were suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease, most of them over the age of 60. The history of Alzheimer’s Disease dates back to 1907, where Alois Alzheimer first discovered the disease. Alois was a German psychiatrist and neurologist. He was examining a 51-year old woman who had a form of dementia. (Gandy, 1) He noticed that she didn’t have many brain cells and smaller nerve cells, and had plaques instead of cells. This is what we today call Alzheimer’s Disease. After the discovery, more and more modern research was done to find out more about the disease. Modern research involves using better, and more advanced instruments such as the electron microscope which enabled the viewer to see a specimen magnified up to 10 million times. It was invented in 1931 by Max Knoll and Ernst Ruska. This was an important advancement for science, and also brought new information about Alzheimer’s Disease. Scientists were able toShow MoreRelatedAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia1427 Words   |  6 PagesDementia, known as one o f the world s current pandemics, is estimated to be the fourth most common cause of death in the developed country, second only to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases and cancer. With the aging population, dementia has gradually become a serious threat to the health of the elderly people in Australia. Alzheimer s disease is the most common form of dementia. Alzheimer s disease usually occurs in a primary degenerative encephalopathy in senile and pre senior periodRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1086 Words   |  5 PagesDo you know what alzheimer’s disease is? Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. It is the seventh leading cause of death in the United States, and the fifth leading cause of death in ages 65 and older. â€Å"2010 Alzheimer s Disease Facts and Figures. Rep. Vol. 6. Chicago: Alzheimer s Association, 2010. Print. Alzheimer s and Dementia.† This disease is the deterioration of the brain that can, and probably will lead to brain loss that cannot be reversed. It is a very slow decline thatRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia998 Words   |  4 Pagesaware of Alzheimer disease, especially adults who have a family member in late adulthood. If people were to have knowledge on h ow to help or treat someone who has Alzheimer disease it would be beneficial for both of them and it would make living together much easier. Many people don’t know what Alzheimer disease is â€Å"Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. The risk of AD increases with age† (Takashi 2015). As someone ages they are most likely to get Alzheimer disease, this dueRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia2016 Words   |  9 PagesOne in three seniors die of Alzheimer’s disease or another form of dementia (Godman). Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia but all types of dementia diseases effect seniors and their families in a dramatic drastic way. Early signs of Alzheimer’s start as early as the age of 30 and can affect someone for the rest of their life. These diseases have become more reoccurring every year, effecting around 5.3 million Americans and will continue to change lives for the rest of time (BenderRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease Is The Most Common Form Of Dementia1684 Words   |  7 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia, which slowly and steadily impairs the mental function and psychological competence. Even though there is no cure for Alzheimer’s, current treatment patterns and research aim to delay the progression towards dementia and the associated symptoms. The strongest risk factor for this disease is increased age, typically seen in individuals over the age of 65, but it must be noted that Alzheimer’s is not a normal part of the aging process. Alzheimer s diseaseRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : A Common Form Of Dementia1311 Words   |  6 PagesAlzheimer’s disease is a common form of dementia that affects the brain (Bethune, 2010). It affects millions of Americans and is one of the leading cause of death in the United States (Bethune, 2010). There is currently no cure for Alzheimer’s, however there is ongoing research on reducing the risk and how to cure the disease (Bethune, 2010, Baumgart, M., Snyder, H. M., Carrillo, M. C., Fazio, S., Kim, H., Johns, H. (2015). Understanding the best way to manage the disease and how to care forRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Common Form Of Dementia Essay1909 Words   |  8 PagesAlzheimer’s disease, considered the most common form of dementia, is a degenerative brain disorder which leads to loss of memory and decline of cognitive thinking. Alzheimer’s disease effects over 5 million Americans, a number which is expected to triple in the projected future, and is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States (Dougherty, R.J., et al). Majority of these affected people are sixty-five years of age or older and have what is called late-onset Alzheimer’s, whilst a smallerRead MoreAlzheimer s Disease : The Most Known And Common Form Of Dementia1069 Words   |  5 PagesAlzheimer’s is a disease that affects a lot of older people. It not only affects the person but their families, friends, and any loved ones. The disease makes them forget almost everything they have experienced in their life. The memories they have of anything can be almost nil and they will not act like themselves anymore. This disease is a hard disease for someone’s family members to cope with because the person they once knew, is all but gone. In this paper I will be explaining the definitionRead MoreThe Common Types Of Dementia1013 Words   |  5 PagesDementia can be defined as a decline in mental ability severe enough to interfere with daily life (alz.org). More than often, individuals affected by dementia are over the age of 65. In the United States, there are more than three million cases of dementia each year. According to World Health Organization, the number of people living with dementia is currently estimated at 47.5 million worldwide and is expected to increase to 75.6 million by 2030 (World Health Organization 2015). Dementia is causedRead MoreThe Disease Of Alzheimer s Disease1677 Words   |  7 Pagesone thing Alzheimer s cannot take away, and that is love. Love is not a memory - it s a feeling that resides in your heart and soul.† (Fade to Blank). The human brain is a remarkably complex organ that processes, stores, and recalls information. â€Å"Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a slowly progressive disease of the brain that is characterized by impairment of memory and eventually by disturbances in reasoning, planning, language, and perception. Many scientists believe that Alzheimer s disease results

Leadership, Management, And Management - 1606 Words

Leadership and Management in Business Jachinder S. Mundi Business administration Okanagan College Abstract In this report â€Å"Leadership and Management† the author justifies his opinion on the importance of leadership and management qualities in daily life businesses, whether it is private or public. The author suggests that if an individual wants to become a good leader in any field ,then he/ she should work on qualities like relation building, health , compassion, verbal communication and much more. The author also illustrate about the importance leadership effect on companies. Secondly, author is providing us insight view of effect of management in day to day by providing relevant examples. Author has good writing sense and he has†¦show more content†¦The report provides the insight on the importance of leadership and management qualities in daily life businesses, whether it is private or public. Discussion Leadership and management are two important skills that determines your capability in a business. Leadership is the ability of an individual to lead others on right path, at right time. Different situation demands different styles of leadership. Leadership is about understanding others, believing in yourself and work with others to lead your company or business to new level of success. Management is the functional body which guides and instructs people engaged in an organization to achieve the targeted goals. Management is considered as most important skill in modern world. All leading companies, hospitals, schools and all other sectors (public or private) are paying more intention to improve their management systems. Basically, management is an art of making problems simple. Qualities of a Good Leader Rath and Conchie (2009) had explained in their book â€Å"Strengths-Based Leadership† that in order to become a good leader, one should have to be familiar with his or her strengths and weaknesses. An individual should focus more on his/her strengths than weaknesses because every individual has different talent .Daniel Goleman (1995) also states that IQ and Expertise are not only two factors to judge an individual capability in business but there are many others talents and competences which

Project Management for Release Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject Management for Release Management. Answer: Product roadmap is a tool related to strategic product planning which gives an idea about the growing of the product that is made through several important releases. This helps to continue the purpose, increases the collaboration among stakeholders, helps to acquire funds and also makes the organization to coordinate easily in the development and launching of new products. On the other hand product backlog includes the works that are needed to make the product. Product backlog includes user stories, epics, storyboards and workflow diagrams. This is a tool which directs the development teams work. Release Management fits into product backlog because release management is the management of all the points of time that are involved when a brand new or some modified systems are delivered in the market and are used by the users. The release management fits in the product backlog because it deals with all the process and time that are done by the workers in making the product. The product level planning in an organization mainly occurs in four stages. The stages of product level planning are as follows: Description of the overall product- This specifies the description of all the product that is to be made in the project that is in progress. Breakdown Structure of the product- This stage involves the hierarchical or the complete decomposition of the product that is to be made. Product description of each project- This stage involves the precise and clear description of each and every product separately that is being made. Flow Diagram of the product- This stage is the last process of Product Level Planning. All the products in a project are taken in a sequence and place them in a way they are created in the project.

Virtual Audience Platform Speaking Training â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Virtual Audience Platform Speaking Training? Answer: Introducation Public speaking is one of the most researched anxiety tests in the academic field. This test includes thirty four questions which help to comprehend the fears that are associated with the public speaking such as giving a presentation or answering question in the class (Niles et al., 2015). There are five scores for each of the question, Strongly Disagree = 1; Disagree = 2; Neutral = 3; Agree = 4; Strongly Agree = 5. There is a methodical way for determining the total score of PRASA. Firstly, the scores for the questions 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, and 34 will be added. Secondly, the scores of 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 24, and 26 will be added separately. The third step is a formula: Total score: 72 - Total from Step 2 + Total from Step 1 According to Williams (2017), the scores of the PRASA test can be category-zed in five ways. The scores from 34 to 84 fall in the low anxiety category; scores from 85 to 92 fall in the moderately low anxiety category; scores from 93 to 110 indicate to moderate anxiety; scores from 111 to 119 fall in the moderately high anxiety category and scores from 120 to 170 are indication of high anxiety. The scores are always supposed to be between 34 and 170, if not, there must be some mistake with the score computation. () has indicated that the minimum scores in the PRASA have been hardly reported, in most of the cases the students have reported to be with higher anxiety. I had scored 119 in the PRPSA scale, which indicates that I am moderately anxious while talking publicly. I have faced this problem with giving a presentation three months back. We were given a topic a month before the presentation and we got sufficient time for preparing for the presentation. I chose a topic according to my comfort level and I was quite confident with the presentation I prepared. However, on the very day of the presentation, I was utterly nervous which resulted into fumbling during the presentation. According to the PRPSA scale, this can indicate to moderately high anxiety. There, from this incident, I could identify that I have an anxiety issue which need further attention. I also get nervous talking to someone superior such as the principal or to the professor after any conference or lecture. With the findings of the PRPSA scale results, I had identified that I am having this fear of public speaking which is sometimes leading to panic attack and jeopardizing my pr ofessional career. Therefore, it was evident that this flaw of mine requires additional attention and support for personal communication development; otherwise it will have a negative influence on my professional career in my later life as well. Self- Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC) The Self- Perceived Communication Competence Scale (SPCC) has been developed for obtaining the data of how competent an individual feels, while he or she faces diverse communication contexts and different types of receivers of communication. As individuals tend to make their own decisions regarding what they have to do while they are communicating, it is very much important to measure the perception of the individual. The self perception is very much important for the person him or herself, not for the observer (Ghani Azhar, 2017). Therefore the individuals should measure their communication competence which is basically the measurement of their perceived competence. The measurement of communication competence generates alpha reliability estimates and has a strong validity. There is a definite process for calculating the scores of the scale. Public item 1 + item 8 + item 12; divide by 3. Meeting 3 + 6 + 10; divide by 3. Group 4 + 9 + 11; divide by 3. Dyad (interpersonal) 2 + 5 + 7; divide by 3. ___________________________________________________________ Stranger 1 + 4 + 7 + 10; divide by 4. Acquaintance 2 + 6 + 9 + 12; divide by 4. Friend 3 + 5 + 8 + 11; divide by 4. In order to get the total score, the sub-scores are required to be added for Acquaintance, Stranger and Friend, and then it has to be divided by 3. There are also norms for comparing the scores. Public 86 High SPCC 51 Low SPCC Meeting 85 High SPCC 51 Low SPCC Group 90 High SPCC 61 Low SPCC Dyad 93 High SPCC 68 Low SPCC Stranger 79 High SPCC 31 Low SPCC Acquaintance 92 High SPCC 62 Low SPCC Friend 99 High SPCC 76 Low SPCC Total 87 High SPCC 59 Low SPCC The higher scores indicate that the individual has higher self perceived communication competence for the primary communication contexts such as meetings, public or group and receivers such as acquaintance, strangers and friend. My scores indicate that I have a low SPCC score within the communication context. A similar incident happened around five months back also indicate to the same. My professor had asked me to lead a group of friends with seven other students with a project. While trying to lead them with the project I realized that I am quite nervous and I am not comfortable enough to interact with them. I was unable to communicate my ideas with them and was very nervous when someone was asking a question to me. Therefore I realized that I will require putting more emphasis on improving the self perception. The scores indicate that I have low SPCC scores to almost every case, even with my friends sometimes. I have also experienced issues while talking in public and interacting with others as I tend to feel shy and nervous around them, therefore I have realized that this would also require more attention as it may create with my professional life in the later life. Literature review: Most of the people in the surroundings have the fear of speaking in public. For some this fear becomes so prevalent that the individual may stop interacting with others or making any face to face interactions or taking any course which may involve active participation (Wan, 2013). This kind of anxiety can be classified as the state of apprehension and uneasiness and fear which is caused by anticipating something intimidating. As stated by Steele Plenty (2015) the anxiety while speaking publicly is quite common amongst the students, even though it is quite prevalent amongst the general population as well. The person with high public speaking anxiety tends to avoid the situations that can provide more anxiety, however sometimes these situations are unavoidable, such as in college or while taking any course. In such situations, the individual deal with an intense feeling of distress and anxiety. According to Homer, Deeprose Andrade (2016), the anticipatory anxiety can also occur becau se the individual may start to imagine about the situation, before it starts happening to them, or before any kind of actual experience. In most situations, the individuals with the public speaking anxiety tend to identify that their fear is unreasonable and excessive, but in most cases they are unable to shift their response without any kind of assistance. There are several kinds of experiences that can be faced by the individual suffering from public speaking anxiety such as seating, palpitations, muscle tension, gastrointestinal discomfort, confusion etc. Baxter (2016) has stated that around eighty five percent of the general population tend to experience some kind of anxiety or fear while they are speaking in public. It has also been indicated that the stage fright or the public speaking can be investigated and cured at some point of time. There are many individuals around who speak for their living such as politicians, business executives, actors, comedians etc. Sometimes, the students also have to speak publicly during their courses, for giving any presentation or teaching others or leading a group of unknown for any projects etc. In case of the general population, sometimes the fear of peaking publicly gets so intense that it may cause harm for their performances. On the other hand, the students who tend to become anxious regarding their public speaking, they often avoid such social events or stop talking to their classmates. Batrinca et al. (2013) has indicated that the anxiety amongst the students mostly centers on speaking or listening. The students, who get very much anxious while speaking in the class addressing the students, may be very much comfortable responding to the teacher. After getting anxious, the students can also experience difficulties to discriminate the structures and sounds of what is being said and catch their feelings. Another anxiety attack can be faced while dealing with peer groups. According to Campbell Larson (2013), this can be caused due to fear of rejection in the group and low self confidence. There can be several reasons that can cause this fear such as difficult life events or bad experiences in the childhood, stress, pressure or personality. However, it can entirely influence the self-esteem in the individual and create a sense of fear while they are talking in their peer group. According to (), low self esteem can be very harmful for the individuals sometimes as it can limit the career development. Having low self confidence can keep the individual in a same place for years, as they may be less interested in taking challenges within their work places. Other than that, low self esteem can also cause disturbed mind and individuals tend to develop a set of unhelpful behavior which may result into damaged relationship or addiction to something. Felnhofer et al. (2014) has also said that m ental health and low self confidence can both reinforce each other creating a cycle. North, North Coble (2015) suggests that there are several ways to deal with the fear of speaking publicly and low self confidence. At the initial stage, the individual requires investigating where and why the fear is caused. They may make a list of things or ways which can help them to cope up with the entire situation. In addition to that, there can be various ways which can help the individual out of the situation such as warming up the body before speaking in public or breathing deeply. This may not help directly, but it will help the individual to cope up with the situation and have a higher self confidence. Sometimes, even taking the pressure of the forthcoming events can be very much helpful for the individuals while dealing with the situation (North, North Coble, 2015). If someone has a speech on the next day, they should stop thinking whatever is going to happen; rather it would help them if they think of their previous mistakes and take them as a learning stone. It would h elp them in shaping their speech and make an effective speaker. In case of having low self-confidence, the individuals can identify the particular physical symptoms, feelings or the associated behavior which can cause such a mental situation; they can trigger such experiences and can try to make it better. Also, it is very important to understand own self-worth. Therefore they should immediately change their derogatory thoughts which they make in their minds. Removing such thoughts will improve the situation and help to cope up with the situation. In addition to that, it is also necessary to assess the behavior of the individual (Niles, 2014). There may be different situations which make them self conscious or influence them in a way that impacts their self esteem. Therefore, these negative thoughts should be removed immediately and in that way they can gradually boost the confidence in themselves. Action Plan The two identified issues with the characteristics are- lack of confidence in giving presentation and problem in giving direction to the team members for accomplishing a certain job. Thus, this section will represent the necessary actions through which the issues can be overcome. Section Planned Actions Effective strategies and practices Target date for completion Improving self-confidence to communicate in front of many people -To undertake specific short courses for developing communication skills -Learn about power networking and emphasizing empathy - Attain knowledge regarding how to speak with confidence and optimistically -Reading specific communication texts and self-help books The fine art of small talk, 92 tricks for how to talk to anyone and crucial conversation. -Opting advanced post graduate communication courses 1st and 2nd month -Highlight the major points of the presentation and gain in-depth knowledge regarding the topics. -Ask for feedbacks after every presentation and highlight the drawbacks in the communication -Overcome the problem by learning about the solutions through different books or taking suggestions from mentors and teachers 3rd and 4th month - Regularly giving the psychometric tests to assess the effectiveness of the communication skills. 5th month - maintaining personal journals reflecting on communication interactions -Assess the progress by comparing the performance in the initial stages and current times -Identifying gaps and areas of improvements so that the problem in communicating in front of others can be overcome 5th to 6th Month Developing guiding skills to direct the team members -Reading communication self help books like crucial conversation, How to Win Friends and Influence People, The Definitive Book of Body Language and Power Questions: Build Relationships, Win New Business and Influence Others to improve the leadership skills to provide guidance to the team members and followers -Learn about different leadership skills through which proper guidance can be provided to team members - Listen to the team members queries. -Identify the best suited solutions for the incident and research for other alternatives if proper solution is not found 1st and 2nd month -Implementing the theories of communication skills and body language practically and assess the development of every week. 3rd month -Reading about different leadership styles and their implementation -Giving psychometric tests based on leadership to assess the behavioral aspect -Select the best suitable leadership styles that can be adapted for guidance -Implement the selected leadership style and ask for feedback from the team members. Moreover, the performance of the members is also assessed to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership style. 4th to 6th Month Measuring the effectiveness of the undertaken strategies 3.1.1 Improving self-confidence Less hesitation in front of others- After this action plan, I will be able to understand others and communicate my thoughts and perspective to others. Ability to make other understand- Following this action plan, I will be able to provide proper justification regarding my selected points of the presentation and answer their queries. 3.1.2 Developing guiding skills Better performance of the team-members- This action plan allows me to implement the selected leadership style and ask for. Their positive feedback from the team members also allow me to assess my guidance skills Less conflict- The better communication with my team members results in lesser conflicts that I can attained through the above action plan. Reference list Niles, A. N., Craske, M. G., Lieberman, M. D., Hur, C. (2015). Affect labeling enhances exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety.Behaviour research and therapy,68, 27-36. Hunter, K. M., Westwick, J. N., Haleta, L. L. (2014). Assessing success: The impacts of a fundamentals of speech course on decreasing public speaking anxiety.Communication Education,63(2), 124-135. Williams, D. (2017). Foundational Concepts Of Effective Business Communication. Bartholomay, E. M., Houlihan, D. D. (2016). Public Speaking Anxiety Scale: Preliminary psychometric data and scale validation.Personality and Individual Differences,94, 211-215. Gilchrist, E. M. C. (2013). Effects of video self-modelling as an intervention for teenagers with public speaking anxiety. Niles, A. N. (2014). Does affect labeling enhance exposure effectiveness for public speaking anxiety?. varcov, Z. (2017).Online self-help: Investigation into lowering public speaking anxiety using a virtual reality smartphone app(Doctoral dissertation, Dun Laoghaire Institute of Art, Design and Technology). Wan, J. (2013). Localization of the English public speaking course in China's EFL curriculum.Asian Social Science,9(1), 94. Shahbaz, M., Khan, M. S., Khan, R. M. I., Mustafa, G. (2016). Role of self-perceived communication competence and communication apprehension for willingness to communicate in L1 and L2.Journal of Educational and Social Research,6(1), 158. Ghani, M., Azhar, S. W. (2017). Effect of Motivation, Willingness to Communicate (WTC), Self Perceived Communicative Competence (SPCC) and L2 Anxiety on the Frequency of Use of English as L2.Journal of Educational Research,20(1), 157. Barr, M. (2016). Using Video Games to Develop Communication Skills in Higher Education. Steele, G. A., Plenty, D. (2015). Supervisorsubordinate communication competence and job and communication satisfaction.International Journal of Business Communication,52(3), 294-318. Homer, S. R., Deeprose, C., Andrade, J. (2016). Negative mental imagery in public speaking anxiety: Forming cognitive resistance by taxing visuospatial working memory.Journal of behavior therapy and experimental psychiatry,50, 77-82. Baxter, J. (Ed.). (2016).Speaking out: The female voice in public contexts. Springer. Batrinca, L., Stratou, G., Shapiro, A., Morency, L. P., Scherer, S. (2013, August). Cicero-towards a multimodal virtual audience platform for public speaking training. InInternational Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents(pp. 116-128). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. North, M. M., North, S. M., Coble, J. R. (2015). Virtual reality therapy: an effective treatment for the fear of public speaking.International Journal of Virtual Reality (IJVR),3(3), 1-6. Campbell, S., Larson, J. (2013). Public Speaking Anxiety: Comparing Face-to-Face and Web-Based Speeches.Journal of Instructional Pedagogies,10. Felnhofer, A., Kothgassner, O. D., Hetterle, T., Beutl, L., Hlavacs, H., Kryspin-Exner, I. (2014). Afraid to be there? Evaluating the relation between presence, self-reported anxiety, and heart rate in a virtual public speaking task.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,17(5), 310-316.

Consumer Behavior in the Hospitality Industry

The hospitality industry is very sensitive due to the nature of what it offers to its clients. The industry offers services to its clients which are intangible. The intangibility of services makes it very difficult to gauge the customer’s satisfaction (Kim, Cha, Knutson, Beck, 2011). Customer satisfaction is the main role of any organisation that aims to remain in business.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior in the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There exist two types of markets; business and consumer markets (Bowie Buttle, 2004). Business markets refer to those that consist of corporations and organisations that purchase products and services and resell them to make profits. Others buy products and services to produce other products and services for sale. Consumer markets on the other hand are composed of customers who purchase products and services for personal cons umption. The two types of markets differ in a variety of ways. Business markets are involved in complex processes before they are able to make a purchase decision. This results from the fact that the purchases involve large volumes of products and services as well as many people being involved in the decision making. In most cases, business purchases involve experts in the purchasing process. The involvement of experts means that the purchasing organisation will incur extra expenses. In business markets, there exist formal procedures in the decision making process. Evaluations of different perspectives of the process and feedback concerning the viability of the purchase are required to warrant the real purchase. The organisation size also makes a significant impact in the buying decision making. In large organisations, the decision making process passes through complex stages before approval. The complexity of the organisational structure also has a bearing in the way purchase buyin g behaviour. An organisation with many departments may take a longer time before arriving to a buying decision. Consumer markets on the other hand are simple and involve few people. Once the consumer has identified a need to be fulfilled and information regarding the various products available to meet the desired need, a less vigorous process of choosing the product ensues (McCabe, 2008). Compared to business markets, the consumer markets are to a lesser extent driven by price. On the contrary, brand of products is a bigger driving force in consumer markets. Stability of demand in consumer markets is high as compared to business markets that have volatile demand. This knowledge of how the two markets function is vital in designing marketing programs targeting the two markets. This is because the programs need to be tailor-made in order to accurately meet the specific needs of the two markets.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More James’ hotel mainly caters for organisations that hold conferences, exhibitions, meetings and incentives. This depicts clearly that the hotel targets the business markets. Therefore, it’s very crucial for the hotel to build a good relationship with its customers in this market in order to reap full benefits of their business contacts (Pizam, 2005). Economic downturn can affect the clients of the hotel in many ways. Since the customers of the hotel are organisations that operate to earn profits, increase in products and services’ cost may act to deter them from making purchases. James’ business market is seeking hotels that offer up-to-date facilities in terms of conference holding. Due to the high competition among international hotels for M.I.C.E clients, together with the ever-changing technology, hotels in this industry are faced with the challenge of upgrading their facilities to match the technologic al advancement. This business market is also characterized by business meetings that seek comfort and convenience. Business travellers are seeking relaxing atmosphere that can sooth their nerves after meetings and conferences (Reid, Bojanic, 2009). Such comfort reduces stress and increases performance in business travellers. Clients in Chung’s industry are seeking memorable experiences. This is especially the case if the organisation purchasing the products and services is doing so for its employees for having performed exceptionally well in their work. As an incentive to the workers of an organisation, a memorable experience in the hotel will act as a motivator for the workers to work even harder to earn another incentive tour. In the international hospitality industry, business markets are different from consumer markets. The first difference is that for business markets, the client to the hotel is usually an organisation seeking to host an event such as a conference or an exhibition. Such organisations require more than just food and accommodation. They require facilities such as conference rooms, boardrooms and internet services that are needed in the course of their meetings. Contrary to this, a consumer market involves individual clients seeking food and accommodation in a hotel. The arrangements for booking a hotel room or a dinning table may be done by the client by directly contacting the hotel or through the help of a tour operator or agent (Yoo, Lee Bai, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Behavior in the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consumer buying behaviour is different from business buying behavior in the international hospitality industry. Consumers are in most cases buyers and users of products and services they purchase except in the cases where they engage a tour operator or a tour agent in their buying process. On the other h and, in business markets, the purchasers of the hotel products and services are organisations, but the users are employees or representatives of those organisations who attend the events for which the services and products were purchased. Organisations involve experts in the purchase process, who evaluate the viability of the purchase to the organisation to ensure its profitability. Quality of services and products is compared to the cost and with other hotels so that the high quality and affordability are achieved. Consumers on the other hand seek information on their own in some cases get help from tour operators. They are mainly concerned with quality and comfort. They measure value for their money through comparing their expected service quality with what the hotel offers them. If they perceive their money to be more than the service received from the hotel, they feel dissatisfied, and may not seek the services of the hotel again. Consumers in the hospitality industry are highly influenced by brand (Williams, 2002). Customers identify themselves with a hotel that offers a brand with qualities that satisfy their needs. Customers, therefore, become loyal to the hotel thereby offering repeat business. Such customers are less likely to be turned away from the hotel by products and services’ cost increase. Business buying behaviour is, however, influenced to a greater extent by the price of products and services of the hospitality industry. The great influence by price of products and services stem from the fact that organisation purchase products and services to either resell them or make other products or services with the intent of making profit. An understanding of the differences between consumer markets and business markets as well as consumer buying behavior and business buying behavior will help James in a variety of ways. The differences between the two types of markets require different marketing strategies as well as means to satisfy their var ied needs. Moreover, the characteristics of the business market shows the needs and expectations of the clients in these markets. By clearly identifying the expectations, needs and factors influencing the buying decision process, James can develop a culture in his hotel that will give direction to all employees. The culture should put customer satisfaction to be the centre of interest for the whole hotel. All the decisions made should be tailored towards improving the customer’s experience (Widing, Sheth, Pulendran, Mittal Newman, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Building a good relationship is one necessity James has identified. A good relationship can only be established when customers feel satisfied with the service provider. The advent of a good relationship with the customers is establishing one between the management of the hotel and the employees. Workers who are treated well by the management will serve customers well. James will benefit from such information by ensuring that employees are empowered to make decisions regarding how well to satisfy the clients. Moreover, all employees from the different departments should be involved in decisions regarding services to customers. This is very useful since they get direct feedback from the customers during service delivery. All these efforts are aimed at ensuring that James’ hotel will retain its customers even during an economic downturn. Marketing programs are usually designed to entice consumers to purchase an organisation’s products and services (Siguaw Bojanic, 2003). Knowing the characteristics of the business markets and expectations of customers in them will help James to customize the marketing programs. When marketing programs contain the information the clients are seeking in order to make their purchase decision making, then it will be effective as customers will probably buy the products and services being promoted. References Bowie, D. Buttle, F. 2004. Hospitality marketing: an introduction. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Kim, S., Cha, J., Knutson, B.J. Beck J.A. 2011. Development and testing of the Consumer Experience Index (CEI). Managing Service Quality. 21 (2), pp.112 – 132. McCabe, S. 2008. Marketing communications in tourism and hospitality: concepts, strategies and cases. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Pizam, A. 2005. International encyclopedia of hospitality management. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Reid, R.D. Bojanic, D.C. 2009. Hospitality Marketing Management. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Siguaw, J.A Bojanic, D. C. 2003.Hospitality sales: selling smarter.Connecticut: Cengage Learning. Widing, R., Sheth, J.N., Pulendran, S., Mittal, B. and Newman, B.I., 2003. Customer Behaviour: Consumer Behaviour and Beyond. Melbourne: Thomson. Williams, A. 2002. Understanding the hospitality consumer. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Yoo, M., Lee, S. Bai, B. 2011. Hospitality marketing research from 2000 to 2009: Topics, methods, and trends. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. 23 (4), pp.517 – 532. This essay on Consumer Behavior in the Hospitality Industry was written and submitted by user Giant Man to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Feminization Of Poverty Essays - Economy, Feminist Economics

The Feminization Of Poverty Essays - Economy, Feminist Economics The Feminization Of Poverty The Origins of the Feminization of Poverty The United Nations Development Fund for Women reports that women are still the poorest of the worlds poor, representing 70% of the 1.3 billion people who live in absolute poverty. They also estimate that nearly 900 million women in the world have incomes of less than $1 a day. In the United States alone, women are about 50 percent more likely to be poor than men. The feminization of poverty in America has steadily increased since the 1950s. Researchers have investigated the reasons for this increase, citing everything from teenage pregnancy to the rise in deadbeat dads. Over the last thirty-five years there have been several trends in our society that have contributed to the feminization of poverty. In 1978, Diana Pearce published a paper citing that poverty in America was becoming more and more feminized. She cited that almost two-thirds of the poor over the age of 16 were women. Pearce also claimed that even though there were more women entering the labor force between 1950 and the mid-1970s, womens economic status had declined. She argued that the blame for this feminization of poverty belonged to the government because of their lack of support for divorced and single women. She argued, for many the price of that independence has been their pauperization and dependence on welfare (McLanahan 1). Further examination of the issue has shown that various changes in the family have contributed to the feminization of poverty. The last thirty years has seen a steady increase in the amount of children born outside of wedlock. In 1960, about six percent of all births were to unmarried couples whereas by 1996 over a third fell into this category (McLanahan 5). This influx of births to single mothers has weighed greatly on women in poverty. The statistics of children born to unmarried black couples is even more dramatic increasing from 22% in 1960 to 70% in 1996 (McLanahan 5). Most women in the lowest quintile of the population have come from generations of poverty before them and their only hope of survival is to get on their own and try to get education or job training. With the birth of children, these impoverished women now have two or three dependents to support and the cycle of poverty continues. Most of these women do not have families to support them and they are left with only one option government support. This has contributed a great deal to the rise of single mother households. Another contribution to the rise in female-headed households has been the increase in divorces. Sarah McLanahan, a researcher at Princeton University, noted that in 1950, most people remained married until they or their spouses died, but today over half of all couples end their marriages voluntarily. The divorce rate the number of divorces each year per 1,000 married women rose steadily during the first half of the twentieth century and increased dramatically after 1960. Over half of all marriages contracted in the mid-1980s were projected to end in divorce. After the marriages are ended the custody of the children almost always goes to the mother. Now the mother becomes the single provider in her family, facing a job that pays far less than the job her male counterparts have, and on top of that her needs are greater because she has custody of their children. Karen Holden and Pamela Smock noted the problems women face after their marriages have ended: Women's post-dissolution economic hardship is due to multiple interrelated factors, often only superficially coupled with the marital dissolution event. In particular, the division of labor during marriage, lower wages paid to women both during and after marriage, and the lack of adequate post-dissolution transfers to women imply that unless changes in women's work roles are mirrored by social policy initiatives and men's assumption of equal responsibility for children (both within and out of marriage), economic prospects for previously married women will remain poor (Holden 52). As single mothers, these women are thrown into unfamiliar territory, and the outcome has been a greater amount of women below the poverty threshold. With this rise in female-headed households below the poverty line has come an increase

Primary Source Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

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